Journal: Military Medical Research

Article Title: The cellular response capacity (CRC) as a novel immunomonitoring approach in sepsis

doi: 10.1016/j.mmr.2026.100010

Figure Lengend Snippet: Concentration-dependent change in the humoral inflammatory response following incubation with Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) in the ex vivo whole blood model. a Absolute plasma concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, and MMP9 determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. b Normalized values and EC 50 curve fit by BuC=0% and 50 000 CFU/ml E. coli= 100%, respectively, for IL-6, IL-8, and MMP9 as indicated by EC 50 (%) on the respective Y-axis. BuC indicates buffer control after 60 min incubation; numbers on the X-axis indicate E. coli bacteria in concentrations of 2000 to 50 000 CFU/ml after 60 min incubation; LPS indicates lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 100 ng/ml after 60 min incubation. Values are shown as median and interquartile range. n =8. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s post-hoc test, comparing all shown concentrations of E. coli bacteria and 100 ng/ml LPS with BuC. P -values are indicated above the respective data points. ⁎ P <0.05, ⁎⁎ P <0.01, ⁎⁎⁎ P <0.001. CFU. Colony-forming units; IL. Interleukin; MMP9. Matrix metallopeptidase 9.

Article Snippet: For the samples of the ex vivo whole blood model, the plasma concentrations of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9, #DY911, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, USA), IL-6 (#555220, BD Biosciences, San Jose, USA), and IL-8 (#DY208, R&D Systems) were measured in citrate-anticoagulated plasma using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay according to the respective manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Incubation, Ex Vivo, Clinical Proteomics, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control, Bacteria

Journal: Military Medical Research

Article Title: The cellular response capacity (CRC) as a novel immunomonitoring approach in sepsis

doi: 10.1016/j.mmr.2026.100010

Figure Lengend Snippet: Diagnostic performance for the detection of bacteremia, analyzing the neutrophil phenotype by determining the median fluorescence intensity (MFI) and the cellular response capacity (CRC) in comparison with traditional markers of humoral inflammation (IL-6, IL-8, MMP9). a Comparison of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) at 10,000 CFU/ml Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) with the respective 95% confidence interval (CI) and P -value, and half-maximal effective concentration (EC 50 ) as a function of the E. coli concentration. b Detailed comparison of the EC 50 as a function of the E. coli concentration. c Exemplary comparison of EC 50 curve fit after normalization as indicated by EC 50 (%) on the respective Y-axis to BuC=100% and 50 000 CFU/ml E. coli =0% for the humoral marker IL-6 (the IL-6 values were multiplied by −1 before EC 50 calculation to facilitate comparability with the CRC) and the change in neutrophil phenotype represented by CD11b CRC. BuC indicates buffer control after 60 min incubation; numbers on the X-axis of c indicate E. coli bacteria in concentrations of 2000 to 50 000 CFU/ml after 60 min incubation. Values are shown as median and interquartile range. n =8. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s post-hoc test, evaluating the EC 50 of IL-8, MMP9, the MFI, and CRC of CD10, CD11b, and CD62L in comparison to the EC 50 of IL-6. P -values are indicated above the respective data points. ⁎ P <0.05. CFU. Colony-forming units; IL. Interleukin; MMP9. Matrix metallopeptidase 9.

Article Snippet: For the samples of the ex vivo whole blood model, the plasma concentrations of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9, #DY911, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, USA), IL-6 (#555220, BD Biosciences, San Jose, USA), and IL-8 (#DY208, R&D Systems) were measured in citrate-anticoagulated plasma using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay according to the respective manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Diagnostic Assay, Fluorescence, Comparison, Concentration Assay, Marker, Control, Incubation, Bacteria

Journal: Military Medical Research

Article Title: The cellular response capacity (CRC) as a novel immunomonitoring approach in sepsis

doi: 10.1016/j.mmr.2026.100010

Figure Lengend Snippet: Clinical specifications and parameters over all time points of the sepsis cohort. a Suspected infection cause of sepsis. b Distribution of the individual score points of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score. c Total SOFA score. d-h Traditional and humoral markers of inflammation: leukocytes and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio ( d ), C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) ( e ), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) ( f ), serum amyloid A (SAA) and calprotectin ( g ), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) ( h ). Values are shown as median and interquartile range. n =14. CNS. Central nervous system; HV. Healthy volunteers.

Article Snippet: For the samples of the ex vivo whole blood model, the plasma concentrations of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9, #DY911, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, USA), IL-6 (#555220, BD Biosciences, San Jose, USA), and IL-8 (#DY208, R&D Systems) were measured in citrate-anticoagulated plasma using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay according to the respective manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Infection

Journal: PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases

Article Title: Immune-mediated remodelling of tissue architecture in Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL)

doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0014798

Figure Lengend Snippet: A: Heat map indicating the fold change increase in levels of circulatory levels of cytokine milieu and MMP9 in patients with PKDL (n = 16) with respect to healthy controls (n = 9). The colour bar represents the range of fold change (1-13), with dark blue representing the highest fold change and white being the baseline. B: Representative immunofluorescence profiles of TNF-α expression from dermal biopsies of a healthy control, patient with polymorphic or macular PKDL (20x and 40x magnification), along with bar scatter plots showing the expression of TNF-α in healthy controls (●, n = 6), patients with PKDL (■, n = 16), either polymorphic (▲, n = 8) or macular (▼, n = 8) PKDL; each horizontal bar represents the median (IQR) fluorescence positivity/field. C: Representative immunofluorescence profiles of IFN-γ expression from dermal biopsies of a healthy control, patient with polymorphic and macular PKDL (20x and 40x magnification) along with bar scatter plots indicating the expression of IFN-γ in healthy controls (●, n = 6), patients with PKDL (■, n = 15), either polymorphic (▲, n = 7) or macular (▼, n = 8) PKDL; each horizontal bar represents the median (IQR) fluorescence positivity/field. D: Representative immunohistochemical profiles of MMP9 in dermal biopsies of a healthy control, patient with polymorphic or macular PKDL (10x and 40x magnification). Bar scatter plot demonstrating the status of MMP9 in healthy controls (●, n = 6), patients with PKDL (■, n = 20), either polymorphic (▲, n = 8) or macular (▼, n = 12) PKDL; each horizontal bar represents the median (IQR), along with correlation of MMP9 with lesional TNF-α (n = 14), IFN-γ (n = 12), E-Cadherin (n = 12), fibronectin (n = 12) and laminin (n = 10) fluorescence positivity/field.

Article Snippet: All reagents were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) except anti-human E-Cadherin (clone NCH-38), CD8 (clone C6/144B), CD68 (clone PG-M1) [Dako, CA, USA], CD20 (clone L26), MMP 9 (clone EP127) [BioSB, Santa Barbara, CA, USA], anti-human ICAM-1, TNF-α, IFN-γ [BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA], Fibronectin (FN1, A12392), Lamininβ1 (LAMB1, A9827), Collagen IV (Col4A3, A16359), Collagen I (Col1A1, A1352) and Goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody IgG-FITC (AS011) [Abclonal, Woburn, USA], antifadent [Southern Biotech, Birmingham, AL, USA], EnVision FLEX Target Retrieval Solution [Dako, CA, USA] and secondary detection system [DAB + chromogen, ScyTek Laboratories, West Logan, UT, USA], MMP9 Human ELISA Kit (RayBiotech, GA, USA), Bio-Plex Pro Human Chemokine Panel 40-Plex and 48-plex (for IFN-γ and TNF-α, BioRad, CA, USA).

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Expressing, Control, Fluorescence, Immunohistochemical staining

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Biomimetic sequential targeted nanoplatform for synergistic thrombolysis in ischemic stroke

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.10.014

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic illustration of MMP-9-responsive sequential release of tPA and NO from UCNP/BNN6@PM-tPA for synergistic thrombolysis.

Article Snippet: Recombinant Human MMP-9 Protein was purchased from ABclonal Technology Co., Ltd (Wuhan, China).

Techniques:

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Biomimetic sequential targeted nanoplatform for synergistic thrombolysis in ischemic stroke

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.10.014

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characterization of the targeted responsive nanoplatform and the release profiles of tPA and NO. (A) Schematic diagram of the fabrication of UCNP/BNN6@PM-tPA. (B-G) TEM images of NaGdF 4 :Yb,Tm, NaGdF 4 :Yb,Tm@NaGdF 4 , NaGdF 4 :Yb,Tm@NaGdF 4 @SiO 2 , UCNP, UCNP/BNN6@PM, UCNP/BNN6@PM-tPA. (H) The particle size of UCNP, UCNP/BNN6, UCNP/BNN6@PM, UCNP/BNN6@PM-tPA. (I) Zeta potential of UCNP, UCNP/BNN6, UCNP/BNN6@PM, UCNP/BNN6@PM-tPA. (J) UCL spectra of UCNP/BNN6@PM-tPA under excitation at 980 nm and UV- vis absorbance spectra of BNN6. (K) NIR-triggered NO generation of UCNP/BNN6@PM and UCNP/BNN6@PM-tPA. (L) On/off behavior of NO release induced by 980 nm NIR irradiation. (M) Cumulative release of tPA from UCNP/BNN6@PM-tPA and n-UCNP/BNN6@PM-tPA with MMP-9. (N) MMP-9-triggered tPA release under gradient concentrations of MMP-9.

Article Snippet: Recombinant Human MMP-9 Protein was purchased from ABclonal Technology Co., Ltd (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Zeta Potential Analyzer, Irradiation

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Biomimetic sequential targeted nanoplatform for synergistic thrombolysis in ischemic stroke

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.10.014

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro evaluation of static and dynamic thrombolysis. (A) Static thrombolysis at different time points (0, 3 and 6 h) in PBS or by treatment with tPA, UCNP/BNN6@PM-tPA or MMP-9-activated UCNP/BNN6@PM-tPA. (B) SEM images of blood clots in PBS or by treatment with tPA, UCNP/BNN6@PM-tPA or MMP-9-activated UCNP/BNN6@PM-tPA for 6h (scale bar: 8 μm) (C) Optical microscopic images of dynamic thrombolytic effects of tPA, UCNP/BNN6@PM-tPA or MMP-9-activated UCNP/BNN6@PM-tPA in a microfluidic chip at different time points (0, 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 h). (D, E) Thrombolytic rate analysis after different treatments in static thrombolysis (D) and dynamic thrombolysis (E). Data are mean ± SD (n = 3). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. A p -value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Article Snippet: Recombinant Human MMP-9 Protein was purchased from ABclonal Technology Co., Ltd (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: In Vitro Evaluation, Analysis

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Biomimetic sequential targeted nanoplatform for synergistic thrombolysis in ischemic stroke

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.10.014

Figure Lengend Snippet: NIR-triggered thrombolysis and vascular recovery in photothrombotic stroke. (A) Representative images of rCBF monitored by 2D laser speckle imaging at 0 h and 24 h post-treatment. (B) Representative immunofluorescence co-staining images of CD31 (green) and MMP-9 (red) in brain sections. Nuclei were counter-stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar: 40 μm. (C) Quantification of cerebral infarct volume from each group at 24 h post-treatment. (D-E) Quantitative analysis of the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) for CD31 and MMP-9. Scale bar = 40 μm. Data are mean ± SD (n = 6). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. A p -value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Article Snippet: Recombinant Human MMP-9 Protein was purchased from ABclonal Technology Co., Ltd (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Imaging, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Analysis, Fluorescence

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Biomimetic sequential targeted nanoplatform for synergistic thrombolysis in ischemic stroke

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.10.014

Figure Lengend Snippet: Neurovascular protection and thrombus-responsive therapeutic mechanisms of UCNP/BNN6@PM-tPA. (A) Representative TUNEL staining of apoptotic cells in brain tissues, Nuclei were counter-stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar: 40 μm. (B) Quantitative analysis of TUNEL fluorescence intensity. (C) Quantitative detection of NO in brain tissues from different treatment groups. (D) Quantitative analysis of MMP-9 activity via gelatin zymography. (E) Quantification of functional tPA levels in brain tissues from different treatment groups. (F-H) Plasma levels of D-dimer, CD62P and TXB 2 at 24 h after administration of different therapeutic agents. Data are mean ± SD (n = 6). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. A p -value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Article Snippet: Recombinant Human MMP-9 Protein was purchased from ABclonal Technology Co., Ltd (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: TUNEL Assay, Staining, Analysis, Fluorescence, Activity Assay, Zymography, Functional Assay, Clinical Proteomics

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Biomimetic sequential targeted nanoplatform for synergistic thrombolysis in ischemic stroke

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.10.014

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vivo evaluation of thrombolytic efficacy. (A) Representative images of CBF monitored by 2D laser speckle imaging at 0 h and 24 h post-treatment. (B) Representative TTC-stained coronal sections to indicate the infarct area. (C) CD31 (upper row) and TUNEL (low row) staining of brain tissue sections, respectively; cell nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue) (scale bar: 50 μm). (D) Quantification of rCBF, n = 3 per group. (E) Quantification of cerebral infarct volume in MCAO mice from each group at 24 h post-treatment. MCAO mice treated with sham, saline, tPA, UCNP/BNN6@RM-tPA + NIR, UCNP/BNN6@PM-tPA, UCNP/BNN6@PM-tPA + NIR and UCNP/BNN6@PM-tPA + NIR + MMP-9, respectively, n = 3 per group. (F, G) Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of the CD31 staining (F) and TUNEL staining (G) images calculated using ImageJ software. (H) Neurological deficit scored based on Longa scoring scale over 24 h after embolic stroke, n = 3 per group. Data are mean ± SD (n = 3). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. A p -value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Article Snippet: Recombinant Human MMP-9 Protein was purchased from ABclonal Technology Co., Ltd (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: In Vivo, Imaging, Staining, TUNEL Assay, Tissue, Saline, Fluorescence, Software

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Biomimetic sequential targeted nanoplatform for synergistic thrombolysis in ischemic stroke

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.10.014

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: Recombinant Human MMP-9 Protein was purchased from ABclonal Technology Co., Ltd (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: